If you are still know very well about what is the fiber optic light source, the difference between two basic ones which is laser light source and Led light source(http://juneliao.blog.cz/1305/laser-light-source-and-led-light-source). Why know readly clearly on this article, maybe you will find a lot that you will never know before.
As the wide application of fiber optic system, optical light source plays a more and more important part in it. We known a basic optical fiber system consists of a transmitter, an optical fiber and a receiver. The?fiber optic light source, as an important part of the transmitter is modulated by a suitable drive circuit depending on the signals being transmitted. Optical light?source will also be needed for performing fiber optic network testing to measure the fiber optic loss in the cable plant. Source of light are offered in many different types including LED, halogen and?laser. Among which, LED and Laser source of light are two forms of semiconductor light sources. These article will talk about about some differences between laser and Led light.
Basically, both sort of light source must be able to turn on and off millions to billons almost daily per second while projecting a near microscopic laser beam into an optical fiber. During the?working process of optical signals, they are both supposed to be started up and off rapidly and accurately enough to correctly transmit the signals.
General among them as that LEDS is the standard source of light which is short for light-emitting diodes. Laser light source like gas lasers could be mainly utilized in some special cases.?Lasers are more powerful and operate at faster speeds than LEDs, plus they can also transmit light farther with fewer errors. Laser may also be much more expensive than LEDs.
LED fiber optic source of light are made of materials that influence the wavelengths regarding that are emitted. A simple LED source of light is a semiconductor diode which has a p region as well as an n region. When?the LED is forward biased, current flows from the LED. As current flows with the LED, the junction the location where the p and n regions meet emits random photons. LEDs emitting from the window of 820 to?870 nm usually are gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs). Laser can be another semiconductor diode with a p plus an n region like LED, nevertheless it provide stimulated emission instead of the simplex spontaneous?emission of LEDs. The main difference between a LED along with a laser is the laser has an optical cavity essential for lasting. The cavity is actually created by cleaving the alternative end from the chip in order to create?highly parallel, reflective, mirror like finishes.
VCSEL is a popular laser source for high speed networking, which include two oppositely oppositely-doped Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR) using a cavity layer. It combines high bandwidth with?inexpensive and is a perfect choice for the gigabit networking options.
Different wavelengths traverse a fiber at different velocities on account of material dispersion. What would be wise to keep in mind is the fact that both Laser and LED will not emit an individual wavelength, but a variety of wavelength we know of as the spectral width from the source. Fiber optic light is always in concert with the?fiber optic power meter. In the working process, it collimated beams of sunshine and aim down the center of the narrow single mode core and propagates in essentially one particular mode transmission. By more questions on?fiber optic test equipment, like visual fault locators, optical power meter, OTDR testers, plus more. please opt for FiberStore webstore.
Original Source: Difference between Laser and LED Light Source(http://ameblo.jp/anntravis/entry-11540972167.html)
As the wide application of fiber optic system, optical light source plays a more and more important part in it. We known a basic optical fiber system consists of a transmitter, an optical fiber and a receiver. The?fiber optic light source, as an important part of the transmitter is modulated by a suitable drive circuit depending on the signals being transmitted. Optical light?source will also be needed for performing fiber optic network testing to measure the fiber optic loss in the cable plant. Source of light are offered in many different types including LED, halogen and?laser. Among which, LED and Laser source of light are two forms of semiconductor light sources. These article will talk about about some differences between laser and Led light.
Basically, both sort of light source must be able to turn on and off millions to billons almost daily per second while projecting a near microscopic laser beam into an optical fiber. During the?working process of optical signals, they are both supposed to be started up and off rapidly and accurately enough to correctly transmit the signals.
General among them as that LEDS is the standard source of light which is short for light-emitting diodes. Laser light source like gas lasers could be mainly utilized in some special cases.?Lasers are more powerful and operate at faster speeds than LEDs, plus they can also transmit light farther with fewer errors. Laser may also be much more expensive than LEDs.
LED fiber optic source of light are made of materials that influence the wavelengths regarding that are emitted. A simple LED source of light is a semiconductor diode which has a p region as well as an n region. When?the LED is forward biased, current flows from the LED. As current flows with the LED, the junction the location where the p and n regions meet emits random photons. LEDs emitting from the window of 820 to?870 nm usually are gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs). Laser can be another semiconductor diode with a p plus an n region like LED, nevertheless it provide stimulated emission instead of the simplex spontaneous?emission of LEDs. The main difference between a LED along with a laser is the laser has an optical cavity essential for lasting. The cavity is actually created by cleaving the alternative end from the chip in order to create?highly parallel, reflective, mirror like finishes.
VCSEL is a popular laser source for high speed networking, which include two oppositely oppositely-doped Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR) using a cavity layer. It combines high bandwidth with?inexpensive and is a perfect choice for the gigabit networking options.
Different wavelengths traverse a fiber at different velocities on account of material dispersion. What would be wise to keep in mind is the fact that both Laser and LED will not emit an individual wavelength, but a variety of wavelength we know of as the spectral width from the source. Fiber optic light is always in concert with the?fiber optic power meter. In the working process, it collimated beams of sunshine and aim down the center of the narrow single mode core and propagates in essentially one particular mode transmission. By more questions on?fiber optic test equipment, like visual fault locators, optical power meter, OTDR testers, plus more. please opt for FiberStore webstore.
Original Source: Difference between Laser and LED Light Source(http://ameblo.jp/anntravis/entry-11540972167.html)
As we get from Wikipedia, a punch down tool refer to a small hand tool used to inset wires into IDC (insulation-displacement connectors) of the punch down blocks, typical 110 block, patch panels, keystone modules, or other surface mount boxes. It is also called Krone tool(http://www.fiberstore.com/c/punch-down-tools_53). By using the Krone punchdown tool, technician that work for telecommunication and network can maker a faster, more uniform conections in the Krone wiring blocks with less effort.
Punch down tools are impact sized, and consist of a handle, an internal spring mechanism, and a removable slotted blade. To use the punch down tool, position the wires into a slotted post, press the punch down tool on the top of the wire, with a single push, the spring loaded mechanism will trigger the blade at just the right point to seat, cutting the insulation and securing the wire. There are ON/OFF selector for you to turn on or off the cutting function.
Krone tool is named after the Krone LSA PLUS connector, Krone LSA PLUS is an IDC (insulation-displacement connectors) for telecommunications, which is alternative to 110 block(http://www.fiberstore.com/c/110-wire-connect_1064) in European. Compared to 110, krone can be easily identified by its contact slots arranged at a 45 degree angle to the wire. FiberStore Krone-LSA-PLUS Insertion/Punch Down Tool is right a highly reliable and cost connection solution for today’s telecommunication and data networks, the design of which use our unique Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) technique that can clamps the wires at a 45° angle, and greatly removing the chances of a poor termination and increasing the wiring productivity. Our LSA PLUS Krone tool is perfect for applications in telecommunication, broadcast system, and audio connections and their associated control systems.
Product Key Features:
Combined the impacted punch down and torque tool function
Build-in screwdriver & wire- pull function
The LSA-Plus insertion tool with sensor is the key to unparalleled contact reliability and guarantees fast and clean working.
Simply applying pressure with the tool enables the wire to be trimmed and connected in a gas-tight connection in a single action.
The Krone-LSA-PLUS punch down tool (above picture shows) is consist of a contact slot with flexible contact arms. There are arranged at 45° to the axis of the wire. Polishing contacts at a 45° angle leaves more wire between contact points and provides a more reliable, stress-resistant connection, which is superior to the other contacts that contacts at 90° angle produces a point of weakness subject to breakage. The wire (4) is pressed by the Insertion Tool (5) into the contact slot (2) cutting through the conductor insulation. By displacing ribs tightly grip the wire on both sides of the contact, ensuring the mechanical integrity of the connection. In a simple movement the Intertion tool will terminates the wire and cropping it to the desired length.
FiberStore is a one of the main online supplier of series of optical telecommunication and network products, including fiber optic cables, fiber optic transceiver, optical testers as well as various of fiber optic tools(http://www.fiberstore.com/c/fiber-optic-tools_20). Click and know more details about our Krone Punchdown tools.
Punch down tools are impact sized, and consist of a handle, an internal spring mechanism, and a removable slotted blade. To use the punch down tool, position the wires into a slotted post, press the punch down tool on the top of the wire, with a single push, the spring loaded mechanism will trigger the blade at just the right point to seat, cutting the insulation and securing the wire. There are ON/OFF selector for you to turn on or off the cutting function.
Krone tool is named after the Krone LSA PLUS connector, Krone LSA PLUS is an IDC (insulation-displacement connectors) for telecommunications, which is alternative to 110 block(http://www.fiberstore.com/c/110-wire-connect_1064) in European. Compared to 110, krone can be easily identified by its contact slots arranged at a 45 degree angle to the wire. FiberStore Krone-LSA-PLUS Insertion/Punch Down Tool is right a highly reliable and cost connection solution for today’s telecommunication and data networks, the design of which use our unique Insulation Displacement Contact (IDC) technique that can clamps the wires at a 45° angle, and greatly removing the chances of a poor termination and increasing the wiring productivity. Our LSA PLUS Krone tool is perfect for applications in telecommunication, broadcast system, and audio connections and their associated control systems.
Product Key Features:
Combined the impacted punch down and torque tool function
Build-in screwdriver & wire- pull function
The LSA-Plus insertion tool with sensor is the key to unparalleled contact reliability and guarantees fast and clean working.
Simply applying pressure with the tool enables the wire to be trimmed and connected in a gas-tight connection in a single action.
The Krone-LSA-PLUS punch down tool (above picture shows) is consist of a contact slot with flexible contact arms. There are arranged at 45° to the axis of the wire. Polishing contacts at a 45° angle leaves more wire between contact points and provides a more reliable, stress-resistant connection, which is superior to the other contacts that contacts at 90° angle produces a point of weakness subject to breakage. The wire (4) is pressed by the Insertion Tool (5) into the contact slot (2) cutting through the conductor insulation. By displacing ribs tightly grip the wire on both sides of the contact, ensuring the mechanical integrity of the connection. In a simple movement the Intertion tool will terminates the wire and cropping it to the desired length.
FiberStore is a one of the main online supplier of series of optical telecommunication and network products, including fiber optic cables, fiber optic transceiver, optical testers as well as various of fiber optic tools(http://www.fiberstore.com/c/fiber-optic-tools_20). Click and know more details about our Krone Punchdown tools.
Optical Fiber Cleaving
2013年5月28日Article about Sumitomo FC-6S and Fujikura CT-30 fiber cleavers from FiberStore. Listed informaiton about what is fiber optic cleaver, why we need it and typical fiber cleaver designes(http://juneliao.blogdetik.com/2013/05/28/fiber-optic-cleavers-introduction/),etc.
Fiber optic fusion splicing is definitely needed once we want to fuse two optical fibers together for that continuity of fiber optic cable plant. However, within the optical fiber fusion splicing process, fiber tips have to have a smooth end face that’s perpendicular for the fiber axis. Sufficiently perpendicular and planar fiber end face can be achieved via the fiber cleaving process.
To put it briefly, a fiber cleaver is a piece of tools of kit to make a perfect fiber end face cut that may assure the quality of the joint of bare fibers inside the optic fusion process, leading to lower attention of the fiber connection line.
Within the fiber cleaving process, the fiber is pressed up against the little cut to make it to destroy at 90 angle and expose an image like fiber end face. The fiber is scratched using a very hard diamond edge scribing tool, which induces a big enough surface crack, then a fiber cleaver applies a tensile stress towards the fiber which caused the crack to expand rapidly throughout the fiber cross section. There are also kinds of fiber cleaves use the tensile stress first after which scratch the fiber with the diamond edge scribing tool. A quality fiber cleaver is extremely important in determining the fusion splicing loss. Many of the correct for a few special fibers including dispersion-compensating fibers and erbium-doped fibers.
A fiber cleave is initiated by lightly scratching the surface of the fiber. When the fiber is thereafter pulled or bent, a crack will originate at the scratch and propagate rapidly across the width from the fiber. This produces a nearly flat cleave of an optical fiber. Beneath the direction of this idea, there created a variety of commercial optical fiber cleaving tools in the market: Some cleavers apply a tensile stress towards the fiber while scratching the fiber’s surface with a diamond edge. Additionally, there are other designs scratch the fiber surface first, then apply tensile stress. Some cleaves use a tensile stress which can be uniform over the fiber cross-section while others bend the fiber trough a tight radius, producing high tensile stresses externally the bend.
Fiber optic cleaving tool is generally designed for cutting different number of fibers at the same time. Single fiber cleaver and ribbon fiber cleaver are typical. They work on the same principles but ribbon cleaver is for simultaneously cleaving all of the fibers inside a ribbon cable, which can be somewhat interior compared to that of a single fiber cleaver. Most today’s fiber cleavers are compatible with precision cleaving of common single silica glass fibers. Additionally, there are some special cleaver designed ones for applications including in research, measurement technology and output of optic components.
Under on-side conditions, most high precision cleavers produce a cleave angle deviation within 0.5° with very high reliability and low scattering. Diamond bladed is the highest cleaver quality and will last over 10,000 cleaves.
It is easy for a modern fiber cleaver to cleave a 125um diameter fiber, but difficult to cleave >200um fibers. This is especially turn when the fiber just isn’t crystalline. Besides, torsion will make a non perpendicular endface.
Typical brand for fiber optic cleaver are Fujiura, Sumitomo, Furukawa, etc. all of these kinds of these brand can be found at FiberStore.
Take Sumitomo FC-6S and Fujikura CT-30 for example. The CT-30 cleaver can be found fro either single or ribbon fiber splicing applications. It’s idea for FTTx applications and equally in the home in a splicing van or perhaps in a bucked truck. Using the 16-position blade yields 48,000 single-fiber cleaves, or 4,000 12-fiber ribbon cleaves beforerequiring replacement, as well as the built-in scrap collector conveniently stores fiber shardsuntil they could be safely discarded. The FC-6 cleaver is accessible with a single fiber adapter for 250 to 900 micron coated single fibers. This cleaver is straightforward for users to operate by removing or installing the one fiber adapter and alternate between mass and single fiber cleaving.
Source: what is fiber cleaver9(http://www.fiberstore.com/blog/sumitomo-and-fujikura-fiber-optic-cleavers-from-fiberstore.html)
Fiber optic fusion splicing is definitely needed once we want to fuse two optical fibers together for that continuity of fiber optic cable plant. However, within the optical fiber fusion splicing process, fiber tips have to have a smooth end face that’s perpendicular for the fiber axis. Sufficiently perpendicular and planar fiber end face can be achieved via the fiber cleaving process.
To put it briefly, a fiber cleaver is a piece of tools of kit to make a perfect fiber end face cut that may assure the quality of the joint of bare fibers inside the optic fusion process, leading to lower attention of the fiber connection line.
Within the fiber cleaving process, the fiber is pressed up against the little cut to make it to destroy at 90 angle and expose an image like fiber end face. The fiber is scratched using a very hard diamond edge scribing tool, which induces a big enough surface crack, then a fiber cleaver applies a tensile stress towards the fiber which caused the crack to expand rapidly throughout the fiber cross section. There are also kinds of fiber cleaves use the tensile stress first after which scratch the fiber with the diamond edge scribing tool. A quality fiber cleaver is extremely important in determining the fusion splicing loss. Many of the correct for a few special fibers including dispersion-compensating fibers and erbium-doped fibers.
A fiber cleave is initiated by lightly scratching the surface of the fiber. When the fiber is thereafter pulled or bent, a crack will originate at the scratch and propagate rapidly across the width from the fiber. This produces a nearly flat cleave of an optical fiber. Beneath the direction of this idea, there created a variety of commercial optical fiber cleaving tools in the market: Some cleavers apply a tensile stress towards the fiber while scratching the fiber’s surface with a diamond edge. Additionally, there are other designs scratch the fiber surface first, then apply tensile stress. Some cleaves use a tensile stress which can be uniform over the fiber cross-section while others bend the fiber trough a tight radius, producing high tensile stresses externally the bend.
Fiber optic cleaving tool is generally designed for cutting different number of fibers at the same time. Single fiber cleaver and ribbon fiber cleaver are typical. They work on the same principles but ribbon cleaver is for simultaneously cleaving all of the fibers inside a ribbon cable, which can be somewhat interior compared to that of a single fiber cleaver. Most today’s fiber cleavers are compatible with precision cleaving of common single silica glass fibers. Additionally, there are some special cleaver designed ones for applications including in research, measurement technology and output of optic components.
Under on-side conditions, most high precision cleavers produce a cleave angle deviation within 0.5° with very high reliability and low scattering. Diamond bladed is the highest cleaver quality and will last over 10,000 cleaves.
It is easy for a modern fiber cleaver to cleave a 125um diameter fiber, but difficult to cleave >200um fibers. This is especially turn when the fiber just isn’t crystalline. Besides, torsion will make a non perpendicular endface.
Typical brand for fiber optic cleaver are Fujiura, Sumitomo, Furukawa, etc. all of these kinds of these brand can be found at FiberStore.
Take Sumitomo FC-6S and Fujikura CT-30 for example. The CT-30 cleaver can be found fro either single or ribbon fiber splicing applications. It’s idea for FTTx applications and equally in the home in a splicing van or perhaps in a bucked truck. Using the 16-position blade yields 48,000 single-fiber cleaves, or 4,000 12-fiber ribbon cleaves beforerequiring replacement, as well as the built-in scrap collector conveniently stores fiber shardsuntil they could be safely discarded. The FC-6 cleaver is accessible with a single fiber adapter for 250 to 900 micron coated single fibers. This cleaver is straightforward for users to operate by removing or installing the one fiber adapter and alternate between mass and single fiber cleaving.
Source: what is fiber cleaver9(http://www.fiberstore.com/blog/sumitomo-and-fujikura-fiber-optic-cleavers-from-fiberstore.html)
OTDR Testing Related
2013年5月27日Article on the working principle and characteristics of OTDR testing. Contents includes what is OTDR (http://fiberoptictesting.blog.mobilmania.azet.sk/2013/05/working-principle-and-characteristics-of-otdr/), what is it used for, Rayleigh scatting and Fresnel reflection characteristics of OTDR.
OTDR, the full name of which is Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, is a precise optoelectronic integrated fiber optic test equipment that produced by use of the backscatter during the Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflecting in the optical transmission. OTDR tester are widely used for optical cable maintenance and construction, and it can be used for the evaluating the fiber cable length, measuring optical transmission and connection attenuation, detecting the fault location of the fiber links, etc.
During the process of OTDR testing, the instrument inject a higher power laser or fiber optic light source pulse into a fiber from one end of the fiber cable, at the OTDR port to receive the return information. When the optical pulse is transmitted through the fiber, due to the nature of the fiber itself, the connector, the engagement points, bending or other similar event, there will be a scattered reflection. Part of the scattering and reflection will return to the OTDR. Useful information returned will be measured by the OTDR detector, and act as the time or curve segments of fibers at different positions. By recording the time used of the signals from transmission to returning, the transmission speed of the light in the glass fibers, the distance can be calculated.
OTDR testing has some limitation when it come to the applications for measuring the outside able plant loss. The OTDR tester will not be always sufficiently for testing. The OTDR will not work well with short cables in a building or LAN environment. The source and power meter should be used for these tasks as a result of the OTDR is not equipped to show actual cable plant loss.
OTDR use Rayleigh scatting and Fresnel reflection to characterize fibers’ characteristics. Rayleigh scattering refers to the irregular scattering generated when the optical signals transmitting in the fiber. OTDR only measure the scattered light back on the OTDR port. The backscatter signal show the attenuation degree (loss/distance) of the optical fiber, and will be tracked as a downward curve, illustrating the power of backscatter is decreasing, this is because that both transmission signal and backscatter loss are attenuated.
Given the optical parameters, Rayleigh scattering power can be marked, if the wavelength is know, it is proportional with the pulse width of the signal: the longer the pulse width, the stronger backscatter power. Rayleigh scattering power is also related to the wavelength of transmitted signal: the shorter the wavelength, the power is stronger. That is to say, the backscatter loose generated by the trajectory of 1310nm will higher than that of 1550nm signals.
In the higher wavelength region (more than 1500nm), the Rayleigh scattering will continue to decrease, and the other one phenomenon which called infrared attenuation (or absorption) will appear to increase and cause an increase the overall attenuation values. Therefore, 1550nm wavelength is the lowest attenuation, this also explains why it is a long distance communication wavelength. Naturally, these phenomena will return to affect the OTDR. OTDR of 1550nm wavelength is also have low attenuation, so it can be used for long distance testing. While as the high attenuation wavelength 1310nm or 1625nm, OTDR testing distance is bound to be limited, because the test equipment need to test a sharp front in the OTDR trace, and the end of the spikes will quickly fall into the noise area.
Fresnel reflection is discrete reflection, which is caused by the individual point of the whole fibers. These points are caused by a change in reverse coefficient elements such as glass and the air gap. At these points, there will be a strong backscattering light reflected back. Therefore, OTDR is using the information of Fresnel reflection to locate the connection point, fiber optic terminal or breakpoints.
An OTDR tester is essentially an optical radar: it sends out a flash of bright light, and measures the intensity of echo or reflections. This weak signal is averaged to reduce detection noise, and computation is used to display a trace and make a number of mathematical deductions.
Source: Working Principle and Characteristics of OTDR(http://www.freewebsite-service.com/usfiber/Blog.php?id=119992&snavn=Working+Principle+and+Characteristics+of+OTDR)
OTDR, the full name of which is Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, is a precise optoelectronic integrated fiber optic test equipment that produced by use of the backscatter during the Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflecting in the optical transmission. OTDR tester are widely used for optical cable maintenance and construction, and it can be used for the evaluating the fiber cable length, measuring optical transmission and connection attenuation, detecting the fault location of the fiber links, etc.
During the process of OTDR testing, the instrument inject a higher power laser or fiber optic light source pulse into a fiber from one end of the fiber cable, at the OTDR port to receive the return information. When the optical pulse is transmitted through the fiber, due to the nature of the fiber itself, the connector, the engagement points, bending or other similar event, there will be a scattered reflection. Part of the scattering and reflection will return to the OTDR. Useful information returned will be measured by the OTDR detector, and act as the time or curve segments of fibers at different positions. By recording the time used of the signals from transmission to returning, the transmission speed of the light in the glass fibers, the distance can be calculated.
OTDR testing has some limitation when it come to the applications for measuring the outside able plant loss. The OTDR tester will not be always sufficiently for testing. The OTDR will not work well with short cables in a building or LAN environment. The source and power meter should be used for these tasks as a result of the OTDR is not equipped to show actual cable plant loss.
OTDR use Rayleigh scatting and Fresnel reflection to characterize fibers’ characteristics. Rayleigh scattering refers to the irregular scattering generated when the optical signals transmitting in the fiber. OTDR only measure the scattered light back on the OTDR port. The backscatter signal show the attenuation degree (loss/distance) of the optical fiber, and will be tracked as a downward curve, illustrating the power of backscatter is decreasing, this is because that both transmission signal and backscatter loss are attenuated.
Given the optical parameters, Rayleigh scattering power can be marked, if the wavelength is know, it is proportional with the pulse width of the signal: the longer the pulse width, the stronger backscatter power. Rayleigh scattering power is also related to the wavelength of transmitted signal: the shorter the wavelength, the power is stronger. That is to say, the backscatter loose generated by the trajectory of 1310nm will higher than that of 1550nm signals.
In the higher wavelength region (more than 1500nm), the Rayleigh scattering will continue to decrease, and the other one phenomenon which called infrared attenuation (or absorption) will appear to increase and cause an increase the overall attenuation values. Therefore, 1550nm wavelength is the lowest attenuation, this also explains why it is a long distance communication wavelength. Naturally, these phenomena will return to affect the OTDR. OTDR of 1550nm wavelength is also have low attenuation, so it can be used for long distance testing. While as the high attenuation wavelength 1310nm or 1625nm, OTDR testing distance is bound to be limited, because the test equipment need to test a sharp front in the OTDR trace, and the end of the spikes will quickly fall into the noise area.
Fresnel reflection is discrete reflection, which is caused by the individual point of the whole fibers. These points are caused by a change in reverse coefficient elements such as glass and the air gap. At these points, there will be a strong backscattering light reflected back. Therefore, OTDR is using the information of Fresnel reflection to locate the connection point, fiber optic terminal or breakpoints.
An OTDR tester is essentially an optical radar: it sends out a flash of bright light, and measures the intensity of echo or reflections. This weak signal is averaged to reduce detection noise, and computation is used to display a trace and make a number of mathematical deductions.
Source: Working Principle and Characteristics of OTDR(http://www.freewebsite-service.com/usfiber/Blog.php?id=119992&snavn=Working+Principle+and+Characteristics+of+OTDR)
Article about how to make wise decision when choose a good fiber optic connector polishing machine manufacturer (http://blogs.rediff.com/fiberoptics/2013/05/24/guide-to-choose-a-fiber-optic-connector-polisher/). Suggested standards listed for your reference. Fiber optic polishing machine has made a big progress since 1990s. Earliest connector termination job are done by manual and labor intensive process, fiber connector polishing was manually done by one single person. With the development of fiber optic network, it requires much more higher efficiency. The fiber optic patch cord manufacturers ever make up it by adding more operators but it still could not catch up with the demand. Until emerge of current automatic polishing machine, fiber connector polishing has meet the requirement of high volume, high quality and consistent.
Quality Fiber Connection Termination is very important for the fiber optic communication system. Fiber optic connector polishing is one of the most important steps for the whole process of terminating fiber connector since bad polished connectors will increase the insertion loss and back reflection which will make you malfunction.
Automatic fiber connector polishing machine are produced according to a set of industry standard and specifications. It can produce large volumes of connectors in a consistent way, and it considered to be cost effective as labor is significantly reduced. Article here is written to help you how to make wise decision when choosing a perfect fiber polishing machine for your specific requirement. Flow the standard mentioned below when purchasing an automatic connector polishing machine.
Polishing Machines with Adjustable Pressure are Preferred
The fiber connector’s finished end-face geometry is generated by the combination of the loading pressure and the hardness of the polishing surface. To optimize the connector end-face, the polishing pressure should be adjustable with clearly marked divisions of measurement.
The four corner hold-downs are also important. Hold-down fasteners in all four corners of the connector holder evenly distribute film pressure to minimize off-center polishing. If you use the center pressure from above, it will allow the possibility of wiggling or vibration the connector holder. By this method, you will increase the vertex offset and leads to inconsistent finishes.
Besides, you should also consider the polishing pad. The polishing pad is conjunction with the four corner hold-downs, is used to distribute the pressures evenly across the polishing area. Since the pads are resilient, they will help to control the radius of curvature as the ferrule is pressed into the pad during the polishing process. There are so many pads for different types of connectors, you should choose the proper one according to your need.
Make sure that you can easily change the holders for different types of connectors
To improve the production output and lower labor cost, you should make sure that you can easily and quickly change different types of connector holders. Typical connector polishing machine should be able to handle most types of fiber connectors such as FC/UPC, SC/UPC, ST/UPC, LC/UPC, MU/UPC, APC, MT-RJ, E2000, SMA905, FA and so on. Besides, the precision of the connector holders are also very critical. The connector holders should be machined to exacting tolerances so that ferrules can be precisely posited for the polishing work.
Removable polishing platens are necessary for the machine
Make sure that the polishing platens can be removable, so that it can not be easily contaminated and its working life will prolong. The polishing platens are the mechanical part that holds the polishing films and polish against the connector end-face.
The polishing motion pattern should be optimized for consistent result while conserving polishing films
As we know, the polishing motion is very critical factor in determining connector’s end-face quality. Polishing motion is the surface which performing the polishing job with the connector. The motion must perform a evenly balanced pressure across all sides, otherwise, the connector will surfer deformed end-face geometry.
Choose the polishing machine which can conduct a 8° angle polishing job for your connector
Since APC 8° angled polishing is a must when very low back reflection level is required such as < –65dB. The polishing machine should be able to handle PC polish including SPC and UPC as well as APC polishing. There is currently a new type of PC (physical contact) polish proposed, which is called MPC (Maximum Physical Contact). MPC can meet some of APC polish spec, but in most cases APC is still demanded.
Choose the manufacture who can fit for your custom requirement
A qualified manufacturer should have the ability to fit for your different specifications for the polishing film types, timer settings, lubrication and connector holders. Besides, an industry standard compliance test report from the manufacturer can be an important criterion to evaluate a good fiber polishing supplier. It is always a best idea to compare at least 3 different models from 3 vendors so you can choose the best one that meets your particular requirement.
In short, quality Fiber Connection Termination is very important for the fiber optic communication system. Fiber optic connector polishing is one of the most important steps for the whole process of terminating fiber connector since bad polished connectors will increase the insertion loss and back reflection which will make you malfunction. FiberStore is specializes in supplying a full range of fiber optic testing, fiber optic splicing, fiber optic cleaning, fiber optic polishing and fiber optic inspection equipments and tools. Contact us for more detail information.
For more information please refer to: Choosing A Fiber Optic Connector Polisher (http://cms.fiberopticcable.webnode.cn/news/guide-to-choose-a-fiber-optic-connector-polisher/)
Quality Fiber Connection Termination is very important for the fiber optic communication system. Fiber optic connector polishing is one of the most important steps for the whole process of terminating fiber connector since bad polished connectors will increase the insertion loss and back reflection which will make you malfunction.
Automatic fiber connector polishing machine are produced according to a set of industry standard and specifications. It can produce large volumes of connectors in a consistent way, and it considered to be cost effective as labor is significantly reduced. Article here is written to help you how to make wise decision when choosing a perfect fiber polishing machine for your specific requirement. Flow the standard mentioned below when purchasing an automatic connector polishing machine.
Polishing Machines with Adjustable Pressure are Preferred
The fiber connector’s finished end-face geometry is generated by the combination of the loading pressure and the hardness of the polishing surface. To optimize the connector end-face, the polishing pressure should be adjustable with clearly marked divisions of measurement.
The four corner hold-downs are also important. Hold-down fasteners in all four corners of the connector holder evenly distribute film pressure to minimize off-center polishing. If you use the center pressure from above, it will allow the possibility of wiggling or vibration the connector holder. By this method, you will increase the vertex offset and leads to inconsistent finishes.
Besides, you should also consider the polishing pad. The polishing pad is conjunction with the four corner hold-downs, is used to distribute the pressures evenly across the polishing area. Since the pads are resilient, they will help to control the radius of curvature as the ferrule is pressed into the pad during the polishing process. There are so many pads for different types of connectors, you should choose the proper one according to your need.
Make sure that you can easily change the holders for different types of connectors
To improve the production output and lower labor cost, you should make sure that you can easily and quickly change different types of connector holders. Typical connector polishing machine should be able to handle most types of fiber connectors such as FC/UPC, SC/UPC, ST/UPC, LC/UPC, MU/UPC, APC, MT-RJ, E2000, SMA905, FA and so on. Besides, the precision of the connector holders are also very critical. The connector holders should be machined to exacting tolerances so that ferrules can be precisely posited for the polishing work.
Removable polishing platens are necessary for the machine
Make sure that the polishing platens can be removable, so that it can not be easily contaminated and its working life will prolong. The polishing platens are the mechanical part that holds the polishing films and polish against the connector end-face.
The polishing motion pattern should be optimized for consistent result while conserving polishing films
As we know, the polishing motion is very critical factor in determining connector’s end-face quality. Polishing motion is the surface which performing the polishing job with the connector. The motion must perform a evenly balanced pressure across all sides, otherwise, the connector will surfer deformed end-face geometry.
Choose the polishing machine which can conduct a 8° angle polishing job for your connector
Since APC 8° angled polishing is a must when very low back reflection level is required such as < –65dB. The polishing machine should be able to handle PC polish including SPC and UPC as well as APC polishing. There is currently a new type of PC (physical contact) polish proposed, which is called MPC (Maximum Physical Contact). MPC can meet some of APC polish spec, but in most cases APC is still demanded.
Choose the manufacture who can fit for your custom requirement
A qualified manufacturer should have the ability to fit for your different specifications for the polishing film types, timer settings, lubrication and connector holders. Besides, an industry standard compliance test report from the manufacturer can be an important criterion to evaluate a good fiber polishing supplier. It is always a best idea to compare at least 3 different models from 3 vendors so you can choose the best one that meets your particular requirement.
In short, quality Fiber Connection Termination is very important for the fiber optic communication system. Fiber optic connector polishing is one of the most important steps for the whole process of terminating fiber connector since bad polished connectors will increase the insertion loss and back reflection which will make you malfunction. FiberStore is specializes in supplying a full range of fiber optic testing, fiber optic splicing, fiber optic cleaning, fiber optic polishing and fiber optic inspection equipments and tools. Contact us for more detail information.
For more information please refer to: Choosing A Fiber Optic Connector Polisher (http://cms.fiberopticcable.webnode.cn/news/guide-to-choose-a-fiber-optic-connector-polisher/)
Article about high performance fiber indentifier model AFI400 from FiberStore. You will know what is fiber identifier(http://www.ison.at/juneliao/2013/05/23/fiber-identifier-supplied-by-fiberstore/), why we need it and features and specifications of it.
To be sure, fiber identifier is a vital instrument for fiber optic lossless set up and also maintenance function, which may be useful for both single mode and multimode optical fiber searching anywhere. In the fiber optic servicing, installation, wiring and recuperation period of time, we quite often must find and isolate a certain optical dietary fiber without having interrupting the actual operations. By inject the 1310 or 1550 optical indicators along with specific modulated signal from finish to the optical fiber, with all the fiber determine on the way to think it is away. It can also utilized to indentify the particular traffic direction which shown by Directed together with lights. Inside the functioning technique of the particular soluble fiber indentify, utilize the suitable toss, firmly grip the simple bare fiber or even pigtails in to the tests region, turn on the device to start screening. With this method, the actual fiber optic identifier will not create hurt or problems for the fiber cable.
Throughout out there everyday soluble fiber optic maintenance function, we often need to cutover, splice or hook up the particular fiber optic wires. So that you can accurately discover the working conditions of the optical fiber core, we all usually need use an visual identifier to ascertain. If readers are present on the soluble fiber under check, an hearable strengthen may be heard.
FiberStore, an established on the internet storing distributor regarding fiber optic resources along with a complete range of fiber optic associated items, has recently launched a reliable and easily transportable optical soluble fiber identifier AFI400, that is engineered with regard to technical engineers as well as specialists that work in the construction as well as repair off optial fiber conversation and optical fiber CATV methods. These AFI400 potable fiber identifier will be able to indentify excessive difficulty fibres (excessive loss, darkish, live fiber) that may be due to misalignment of mechanised splices or poor contacts. This particular device can easily indentifies multiple transmission frequencies which includes 270HZ, 1Khz as well as 2Khz and employed for screening H 0.25, Zero.25mm, 0.9mm, Three.0mm fiber. It works in a wave length range of 800nm to 1700nm as well as functions. Powered by Two units of 1.5V AA alkaline batteries, it could just work at the very least five hours over a complete charge. Apart from, the actual fiber chuck , along with mechanised damping design, may make sure that absolutely no fiber problems occurred. Meantime, it’s each appear and light-weight alarm operate and also crucial locking mechanism operate, making it easier plus more comfortable to use.
Features
Support to detect optical signals without disrupting traffic
Based on non-destructive technology
Indicate the signal direction in fiber
Detect a variety of optical tones, 270Hz, 1kHz and 2kHz
Build in visible fault locator 1mW or 10mW optional;
Battery low indication
Specifications
Working wavelength: 800-1700nm
Type identification signal CW, 270HZ ± 5%, 1KHZ ± 5%, 2KHZ ± 5%
Probe Model: Ø1mm InGaAs2pcs
Adapter type (mm) Ø 0.25 Ø 0.9/2.0/3.0 used for bare fiber pigtail
Signal direction: LED indicates
Optical frequency: 270Hz, 1KHz, 2KHz LED indicator shows
Batteries: Powered by 2 units of 1.5V AA alkaline batteries
Operating Temperature (° C) -10 ~ +60
Storage temperature (° C) -25 ~ +70
FiberStore is a global leader in research, development and manufacturing of high performance optical fiber tools and network equipment. For our optical fiber identifier, we provide one year warranty for that. You can also buy this AFI400 at a large quantity with the wholesale price. If you are the one have such requirement, why not contact us, I’m sure you will get good surprise on our product and service.
Source: Fiber Identifier Supplied by FiberStore (http://www.mi2ave.com/juneliao/blog/fiber-identifier-supplied-by-fiberstore/)
To be sure, fiber identifier is a vital instrument for fiber optic lossless set up and also maintenance function, which may be useful for both single mode and multimode optical fiber searching anywhere. In the fiber optic servicing, installation, wiring and recuperation period of time, we quite often must find and isolate a certain optical dietary fiber without having interrupting the actual operations. By inject the 1310 or 1550 optical indicators along with specific modulated signal from finish to the optical fiber, with all the fiber determine on the way to think it is away. It can also utilized to indentify the particular traffic direction which shown by Directed together with lights. Inside the functioning technique of the particular soluble fiber indentify, utilize the suitable toss, firmly grip the simple bare fiber or even pigtails in to the tests region, turn on the device to start screening. With this method, the actual fiber optic identifier will not create hurt or problems for the fiber cable.
Throughout out there everyday soluble fiber optic maintenance function, we often need to cutover, splice or hook up the particular fiber optic wires. So that you can accurately discover the working conditions of the optical fiber core, we all usually need use an visual identifier to ascertain. If readers are present on the soluble fiber under check, an hearable strengthen may be heard.
FiberStore, an established on the internet storing distributor regarding fiber optic resources along with a complete range of fiber optic associated items, has recently launched a reliable and easily transportable optical soluble fiber identifier AFI400, that is engineered with regard to technical engineers as well as specialists that work in the construction as well as repair off optial fiber conversation and optical fiber CATV methods. These AFI400 potable fiber identifier will be able to indentify excessive difficulty fibres (excessive loss, darkish, live fiber) that may be due to misalignment of mechanised splices or poor contacts. This particular device can easily indentifies multiple transmission frequencies which includes 270HZ, 1Khz as well as 2Khz and employed for screening H 0.25, Zero.25mm, 0.9mm, Three.0mm fiber. It works in a wave length range of 800nm to 1700nm as well as functions. Powered by Two units of 1.5V AA alkaline batteries, it could just work at the very least five hours over a complete charge. Apart from, the actual fiber chuck , along with mechanised damping design, may make sure that absolutely no fiber problems occurred. Meantime, it’s each appear and light-weight alarm operate and also crucial locking mechanism operate, making it easier plus more comfortable to use.
Features
Support to detect optical signals without disrupting traffic
Based on non-destructive technology
Indicate the signal direction in fiber
Detect a variety of optical tones, 270Hz, 1kHz and 2kHz
Build in visible fault locator 1mW or 10mW optional;
Battery low indication
Specifications
Working wavelength: 800-1700nm
Type identification signal CW, 270HZ ± 5%, 1KHZ ± 5%, 2KHZ ± 5%
Probe Model: Ø1mm InGaAs2pcs
Adapter type (mm) Ø 0.25 Ø 0.9/2.0/3.0 used for bare fiber pigtail
Signal direction: LED indicates
Optical frequency: 270Hz, 1KHz, 2KHz LED indicator shows
Batteries: Powered by 2 units of 1.5V AA alkaline batteries
Operating Temperature (° C) -10 ~ +60
Storage temperature (° C) -25 ~ +70
FiberStore is a global leader in research, development and manufacturing of high performance optical fiber tools and network equipment. For our optical fiber identifier, we provide one year warranty for that. You can also buy this AFI400 at a large quantity with the wholesale price. If you are the one have such requirement, why not contact us, I’m sure you will get good surprise on our product and service.
Source: Fiber Identifier Supplied by FiberStore (http://www.mi2ave.com/juneliao/blog/fiber-identifier-supplied-by-fiberstore/)
Fiber Optic Tool Kits
2013年5月22日Article about fiber optic tool kits from FiberStore. Contents of Fiber optic connector termintaion, fiber optic fusion splicing, fiber optic test tool kits (http://opticalcabling.mojblog.rs/p-introducing-a-series-of-fiber-optic-tool-kits-from-fiberstore/194475.html) with the main functions.
Within the fiber optic market,fiber optic kiis regarded as extremely important and could be labeled into various groups which usually inlcudes all the kinds of resources that are required to finish a particular With the choices that you can effortlessly select the 1 per you will need. Getting these soluble fiber optic resources kits can also be not really a tough career, since there are numerous online shops, FiberStore among which is probably the most competent 1, marketing a myriad of dietary fiber optic tools packages such as optic splicing resources, dietary fiber optic testing equipment, fiber optic polishing tools and also dietary fiber optic cleaning equipment, and so forth. Purchasing a fiber optic tool kit isn’t a hard career as long as you’ve got selected a good online store. FiberStore is the thing that I’m glade in order to recommend, since almost obtain anything you requirement for your dietary fiber optic installment and also maintenance works together good quality. Besides, the cost of the particular products are always inexpensive and sensible.
Let’s go through some typical types of their fiber optic kits with the functions.
Fiber Connector Termination Tool kit
The fiber connector termination tool kit, FiberStore model FB-3601, also called universal connectorization epoxy tool kit. They include all the tools necessary for hand-polishing termination of epoxy optic connectors such as FC, SC, ST, LC, etc:
Fiber cable jacket stripper to remove outer jacket from optical cables
Fiber cable strippers to remove fiber coatings to expose the bare fiber cladding
Kevlar scissors KC-1 to cut the yellow strength member inside fiber jacket
Universal Connector Crimp Tool for FC, SC, ST, LC
Carbide Scribe Tool to scribe the bare fiber
EPO-TEK 353ND Epox for fixing the fiber inside the connector, Epoxy Application Syringe dispensing into the connector
Heat cure oven to cure the epoxy (either 220V or 110V)
Other misc. items for cleaning such as Kimwipes, Thermometer, Isopropyl alcohol, etc.
Fiber Optic Fusion Splicing Tool Kit
FiberStore fiber fusion splicing tool kit HW-6300N is perfect for your fiber fusion splicing job. Content listed:
Fiber jacket stripper FS-5021 to remove outer jacket from optical cables
Fiber optic stripper CFS-2 to remove fiber coatings (900um tight buffer or 250um UV coating layer) to expose the bare fiber cladding
7’’ Lineman’s Pliers, 6’’ Bent nose Pliers and 6’’ Needle Node Pliers
Steel Wire Rope Cutter to cut the yellow strength member inside fiber jacket
High precision fiber cleaver
Other misc. items for cleaning such as Kimwipes, Screwdriver, Carrying Tool Case, etc.
FTTH Fiber Optic Test Tool Kit
The FTTH Fiber Optic Test Tool Kit FS-1001 is a kind of kit that including tools, testers, fiber cleaver and some other product that are very useful in the fiber optic installation and maintenance works, the items in it can cut, strip, test the fibers.
Fiber Optic Cleaning Kit
Fiber cleaner is highly recommended as a kind of very important tool for electrical manufactures. FiberStore fiber cleaning kit includes everything from lint free wipes to different types of swaps. They also include a type of fast drying, residue free cleaning solvent which remove organic and ionic soils.
With the exception of the several fiber optic instrument kits mentioned previously, FiberStore now offers some other fiber optic instrument packages including optical fiber construction, fiber optic polishing tool kit. Material within the kits possibly transformed just a little with no warning as time goes, if you are not sure before putting in an order, you can make contact with the sales to make a validate.
Source: FiberStore Fiber Optic Tool Kits Introduction (http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/27316881.html)
Within the fiber optic market,fiber optic kiis regarded as extremely important and could be labeled into various groups which usually inlcudes all the kinds of resources that are required to finish a particular With the choices that you can effortlessly select the 1 per you will need. Getting these soluble fiber optic resources kits can also be not really a tough career, since there are numerous online shops, FiberStore among which is probably the most competent 1, marketing a myriad of dietary fiber optic tools packages such as optic splicing resources, dietary fiber optic testing equipment, fiber optic polishing tools and also dietary fiber optic cleaning equipment, and so forth. Purchasing a fiber optic tool kit isn’t a hard career as long as you’ve got selected a good online store. FiberStore is the thing that I’m glade in order to recommend, since almost obtain anything you requirement for your dietary fiber optic installment and also maintenance works together good quality. Besides, the cost of the particular products are always inexpensive and sensible.
Let’s go through some typical types of their fiber optic kits with the functions.
Fiber Connector Termination Tool kit
The fiber connector termination tool kit, FiberStore model FB-3601, also called universal connectorization epoxy tool kit. They include all the tools necessary for hand-polishing termination of epoxy optic connectors such as FC, SC, ST, LC, etc:
Fiber cable jacket stripper to remove outer jacket from optical cables
Fiber cable strippers to remove fiber coatings to expose the bare fiber cladding
Kevlar scissors KC-1 to cut the yellow strength member inside fiber jacket
Universal Connector Crimp Tool for FC, SC, ST, LC
Carbide Scribe Tool to scribe the bare fiber
EPO-TEK 353ND Epox for fixing the fiber inside the connector, Epoxy Application Syringe dispensing into the connector
Heat cure oven to cure the epoxy (either 220V or 110V)
Other misc. items for cleaning such as Kimwipes, Thermometer, Isopropyl alcohol, etc.
Fiber Optic Fusion Splicing Tool Kit
FiberStore fiber fusion splicing tool kit HW-6300N is perfect for your fiber fusion splicing job. Content listed:
Fiber jacket stripper FS-5021 to remove outer jacket from optical cables
Fiber optic stripper CFS-2 to remove fiber coatings (900um tight buffer or 250um UV coating layer) to expose the bare fiber cladding
7’’ Lineman’s Pliers, 6’’ Bent nose Pliers and 6’’ Needle Node Pliers
Steel Wire Rope Cutter to cut the yellow strength member inside fiber jacket
High precision fiber cleaver
Other misc. items for cleaning such as Kimwipes, Screwdriver, Carrying Tool Case, etc.
FTTH Fiber Optic Test Tool Kit
The FTTH Fiber Optic Test Tool Kit FS-1001 is a kind of kit that including tools, testers, fiber cleaver and some other product that are very useful in the fiber optic installation and maintenance works, the items in it can cut, strip, test the fibers.
Fiber Optic Cleaning Kit
Fiber cleaner is highly recommended as a kind of very important tool for electrical manufactures. FiberStore fiber cleaning kit includes everything from lint free wipes to different types of swaps. They also include a type of fast drying, residue free cleaning solvent which remove organic and ionic soils.
With the exception of the several fiber optic instrument kits mentioned previously, FiberStore now offers some other fiber optic instrument packages including optical fiber construction, fiber optic polishing tool kit. Material within the kits possibly transformed just a little with no warning as time goes, if you are not sure before putting in an order, you can make contact with the sales to make a validate.
Source: FiberStore Fiber Optic Tool Kits Introduction (http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/27316881.html)
Gigabit Ethernet Basics
2013年5月21日Gigabit Ethernet is really a latest version of Ethernet with moving prices of a single Gigabit per next. It’s popular inside neighborhood networks (LANs) together with Ten and also 100Mbps credit cards. The very first Gigabit Ethernet normal (802.3z) has been ratified by the IEEE 802.3 Panel inside 1998. Gigabit Ethernet will be transported primarily on visual soluble fiber from the fiber optic community (along with really quick miles possible on copper mineral media). An alternative technology which plays together with Gigabit Ethernet(http://juneliao.jimdo.com/2013/05/20/things-you-should-know-about-gigabit-ethernet/) is ATM. A more recent normal, 10-Gigabit Ethernet, is also getting obtainable.
Router and switch are necessary as well as crucial gear for any gigabit Ethernet system. Any gigabit switch used in conjunction using a gigabit modem will help you to use your nearby community with accelerates in order to 10 x greater than the last era, 10/100 Mbps Quickly Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet normal soluble fiber optic transceivers including GBIC, XENPAR, X2, XFP, SFP , SFP module which converts a number of electrical indicators in order to serialized optical indicators and vice versa. In networking, soluble fiber optic transceivers are utilized to interface a soluble fiber optic program with an Ethernet method, for example Dietary fiber Funnel as well as Gigabit Ethernet.
Standard GBIC transceiver is really a plug-in component that is hot-swapppable which is often taken out and swapped out without turning off the system. SFP is short regarding tiny aspect pluggable, also referred to as little GBIC simply because the operate is the same along with GBIC although with increased compact size. GBIC and SFP transceivers are usually cost-effective because they eliminate the requirement with regard to exchanging entire panels on the method stage whenever improving to be able to Gigabit networking regarding much better efficiency.
XENPAR, X2, XFP, SFP are common fiber optic transceiver component which compatible with the 10 Gigabit Ethernet regular. XFP and also SFP are usually little type element pluggable 10Gbps transceiver with similar features because XENPAK, X2 module and the package size should go increasingly more smaller through GBIC to be able to SFP .
10GB (XENPAK, X2, XFP, and also SFP ) transceiver broadcast data
SR or Short Achieve transceivers can transfer 10Gbps of data approximately 300m more than multi-mode duplex fiber. Standard wavelength with regard to SR transceivers is 850nm
LRM transceivers may transfer 10Gbps of information approximately 220m more than FDDI multi-mode duplex soluble fiber. Standard wavelength with regard to LRM transceivers will be 1310nm
LR or Lengthy Reach transceivers may transfer 10Gbps of information as much as 10km over single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Normal wavelength with regard to LR transceivers will be 1310nm
Im or her or even Prolonged Reach transceivers can easily transmit 10Gbps of information up to 40km over single-mode duplex dietary fiber. Normal wavelength with regard to ER transceivers is 1550nm
ZR also Extended Achieve transceivers may transmit 10Gbps of data as much as 80km more than single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Regular wavelength for ZR transceivers is 1550nm.
CWDM (Harsh Wave length Division Multiplexing) transceivers can broadcast 10Gbps of knowledge up to 80km more than single-mode duplex fiber. There are 8 standard wavelengths for CWDM transceivers. 1470nm, 1490nm, 1510nm, 1530nm, 1550nm, 1570nm, 1590nm, as well as 1610nm. Reduced wavelengths are usually feasible by means of custom made creates.
DWDM (Heavy Wave length Division Multiplexing) transceivers may broadcast 10Gbps of information up to 80km above single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Around Eighty wavelengths or even stations tend to be possible ranging from 1519.48nm in order to 1577.03nm
FiberStore provides complete runs regarding fiber optic transceivers along with low-cost price on the market on the internet. 1000BASE transceivers can be purchased in copper mineral associated with dietary fiber GBIC as well as SFP, which includes ’cisco’ suitable variations. 10G transceivers are available coming from XENPARK in order to SFP , Cisco suitable model including ’cisco’ 10G SFP , ’cisco’ X2 (Cisco X2-10GB-SR, ’cisco’ X2-10GB-LR, etc.).
Source: Things You Should Know about Gigabit Ethernet (http://ingellenfiber.blogspot.com/2013/05/things-you-should-know-about-gigabit.html)
Router and switch are necessary as well as crucial gear for any gigabit Ethernet system. Any gigabit switch used in conjunction using a gigabit modem will help you to use your nearby community with accelerates in order to 10 x greater than the last era, 10/100 Mbps Quickly Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet normal soluble fiber optic transceivers including GBIC, XENPAR, X2, XFP, SFP , SFP module which converts a number of electrical indicators in order to serialized optical indicators and vice versa. In networking, soluble fiber optic transceivers are utilized to interface a soluble fiber optic program with an Ethernet method, for example Dietary fiber Funnel as well as Gigabit Ethernet.
Standard GBIC transceiver is really a plug-in component that is hot-swapppable which is often taken out and swapped out without turning off the system. SFP is short regarding tiny aspect pluggable, also referred to as little GBIC simply because the operate is the same along with GBIC although with increased compact size. GBIC and SFP transceivers are usually cost-effective because they eliminate the requirement with regard to exchanging entire panels on the method stage whenever improving to be able to Gigabit networking regarding much better efficiency.
XENPAR, X2, XFP, SFP are common fiber optic transceiver component which compatible with the 10 Gigabit Ethernet regular. XFP and also SFP are usually little type element pluggable 10Gbps transceiver with similar features because XENPAK, X2 module and the package size should go increasingly more smaller through GBIC to be able to SFP .
10GB (XENPAK, X2, XFP, and also SFP ) transceiver broadcast data
SR or Short Achieve transceivers can transfer 10Gbps of data approximately 300m more than multi-mode duplex fiber. Standard wavelength with regard to SR transceivers is 850nm
LRM transceivers may transfer 10Gbps of information approximately 220m more than FDDI multi-mode duplex soluble fiber. Standard wavelength with regard to LRM transceivers will be 1310nm
LR or Lengthy Reach transceivers may transfer 10Gbps of information as much as 10km over single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Normal wavelength with regard to LR transceivers will be 1310nm
Im or her or even Prolonged Reach transceivers can easily transmit 10Gbps of information up to 40km over single-mode duplex dietary fiber. Normal wavelength with regard to ER transceivers is 1550nm
ZR also Extended Achieve transceivers may transmit 10Gbps of data as much as 80km more than single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Regular wavelength for ZR transceivers is 1550nm.
CWDM (Harsh Wave length Division Multiplexing) transceivers can broadcast 10Gbps of knowledge up to 80km more than single-mode duplex fiber. There are 8 standard wavelengths for CWDM transceivers. 1470nm, 1490nm, 1510nm, 1530nm, 1550nm, 1570nm, 1590nm, as well as 1610nm. Reduced wavelengths are usually feasible by means of custom made creates.
DWDM (Heavy Wave length Division Multiplexing) transceivers may broadcast 10Gbps of information up to 80km above single-mode duplex soluble fiber. Around Eighty wavelengths or even stations tend to be possible ranging from 1519.48nm in order to 1577.03nm
FiberStore provides complete runs regarding fiber optic transceivers along with low-cost price on the market on the internet. 1000BASE transceivers can be purchased in copper mineral associated with dietary fiber GBIC as well as SFP, which includes ’cisco’ suitable variations. 10G transceivers are available coming from XENPARK in order to SFP , Cisco suitable model including ’cisco’ 10G SFP , ’cisco’ X2 (Cisco X2-10GB-SR, ’cisco’ X2-10GB-LR, etc.).
Source: Things You Should Know about Gigabit Ethernet (http://ingellenfiber.blogspot.com/2013/05/things-you-should-know-about-gigabit.html)
Fluke Network Testers Instruction
2013年5月20日Article about how to use Fluke test equipment shows you basic parameters, testing process, check and save testing results. Fluke network tester(http://www.blogster.com/anntravis/how-to-use-fluke-test-equipment) is widely used by many maintenance works, technicians, engineers or scientific researchers, considering that the specific operation documents may be not familiar to all the peoples, I was glade to write this article about the operation instruction of Fluke test equipment for reference, hope it will do help for readers. Read on and hope it help you a lot.
Fluke is the world’s leader of electronic test tools production, distribution and service for many years, which has created a specific technology market over the world. Fluke provides quality testing and detection of faulty products for various industrial fields, and promoted the market to an important position. Almost any new factory, office or facilities are potential users of Fluke test equipment. From the installation and commissioining of industrial control systems to process instrumentation calibration and maintenance, precision measurement, from the laboratory to acomputer network fault diagnosis, Fluke network tester helps the efficient functioning of all walks of life and evolving.
Initialization steps before using Fluke testers:
Charge: Fluke DTX series host, auxiliary power supply adapter for charging until the battery indicator light turns green.
Set the language: Turn to host knob of the Fluke DTX series to the Set Up status, turn on the test by pressing the lower right green button, use the↓arrow and select the third Instrument setting, the machine setting, press Enter to enter the parameter setting. First, select and click the → arrow, when enter the second page, press↓arrow to select English and enter. After finishing the language setting, move to the next step.
Self-calibration: Take fluke DTX series Cat6A/Class EA permanent link adapter installed on the host, auxiliary equipment installed on the Cat6A/Class EA channel adapter. Then plug the end of the permanent link adapter in Cat6A/Class EA channel adapter, open the auxiliary power, after the self-testing of the auxiliary, the PASS lights off after normal auxiliary. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS stalls, turn on the console, the host, auxiliary software, hardware and test standard version (auxiliary information only when the auxiliary boot and host connection), operation interface after self testing, select the first set the reference (If choose the wrong EXIT to exit the repeat), press ENTER key and the TEST button to star sef-calibration, when it dispay “setting the reference has
completed”, it indicate that the self-calibration has successfully completed.
Set the basic parameters of the Fluke tester:
Action: Go to the Fluke DTX Series host knob "SET UP" stalls, use "↑ ↓" to choose the third set the value of the instrument, press "ENTER" to enter the parameter setting, you can press the "← → " flip "↑ ↓" to select your desired setting parameters, press ENTER to enter the parameter changes, you need to use "↑ ↓" to select parameter settings selected Press ENTER to select and complete the parameter settings.
Fluke tester testing process:
1.Determined according to the needs of the test limit and cable type: channel test or permanent link test? CAT5E or CAT6 or other?
2.After shutdown, install the corresponding adapter of different testing standard in the host and auxiliary, such as select TIA CAT5E CHANNEL testing standards, the host and auxiliary will be installed in DTX-CHA002 Channel adapters, if selecting the TIA CAT6A PERM.LINK, the permanent link test standard, the host and auxiliary should be respectively installed with a DTX-PLA002 permanent link adapters.
3.Parameters that may be often required to change
Dial to "SET UP" stalls, selecting the twisted pair, press ENTER to enter:
Type of cable: press ENTER and then press the ↑ ↓ select the type of cable you want to test, for example I want to test over Category 5 twisted-pair UTP Press ENTER ENTER ↑ ↓ Select Cat 5e UTP press ENTER to return.
Test limit: Press ENTER and then press ↑ ↓ to select the testing standard for the type of cable you want to test, press F1 to select more, generally option for the standard in TIA.
Socket configuration: Press ENTER to enter, general RJ45 crystal head socket using the 568B standard. Others are depending on the circumstances. Press ↑ ↓ to select the standard of the wire to be tested.
4.Connect all the equipments that need to be tested with the corresponding adapter. Press "TEST" to start testing, after a while, it will display FASS or FAIL.
View test results and check failure
After the testing, it will automatically show the result. Use the ENTER key to view the parameter details, F2 for previous page, F3 for the next page, press EXIT and press F3 to view the memory data storage. If the testing result is FAIL, you can check the failure details by selecting X.
Saving the Fluke test result
Select SAVE key to store the test result, use "← → ↑ ↓" key or ← → to move the cursor, F3 key to select the name you want to use, such as 01 and press SAVE to store.
That’s all steps that you should follow on how to use a Fluke network tester(http://juneliao.elertgadget.com/post/How_to_Use_Fluke_Test_Equipment_1632076.htm), for more fiber optic test equipment such as network cable tester, cctv camera tester etc. Please visite FiberStore webstore. Follow the instrument document of each to do your testing job with confidence.
Source: Fluke Test Equipment Operation Instruction (http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/27199140.html)
Fluke is the world’s leader of electronic test tools production, distribution and service for many years, which has created a specific technology market over the world. Fluke provides quality testing and detection of faulty products for various industrial fields, and promoted the market to an important position. Almost any new factory, office or facilities are potential users of Fluke test equipment. From the installation and commissioining of industrial control systems to process instrumentation calibration and maintenance, precision measurement, from the laboratory to acomputer network fault diagnosis, Fluke network tester helps the efficient functioning of all walks of life and evolving.
Initialization steps before using Fluke testers:
Charge: Fluke DTX series host, auxiliary power supply adapter for charging until the battery indicator light turns green.
Set the language: Turn to host knob of the Fluke DTX series to the Set Up status, turn on the test by pressing the lower right green button, use the↓arrow and select the third Instrument setting, the machine setting, press Enter to enter the parameter setting. First, select and click the → arrow, when enter the second page, press↓arrow to select English and enter. After finishing the language setting, move to the next step.
Self-calibration: Take fluke DTX series Cat6A/Class EA permanent link adapter installed on the host, auxiliary equipment installed on the Cat6A/Class EA channel adapter. Then plug the end of the permanent link adapter in Cat6A/Class EA channel adapter, open the auxiliary power, after the self-testing of the auxiliary, the PASS lights off after normal auxiliary. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS stalls, turn on the console, the host, auxiliary software, hardware and test standard version (auxiliary information only when the auxiliary boot and host connection), operation interface after self testing, select the first set the reference (If choose the wrong EXIT to exit the repeat), press ENTER key and the TEST button to star sef-calibration, when it dispay “setting the reference has
completed”, it indicate that the self-calibration has successfully completed.
Set the basic parameters of the Fluke tester:
Action: Go to the Fluke DTX Series host knob "SET UP" stalls, use "↑ ↓" to choose the third set the value of the instrument, press "ENTER" to enter the parameter setting, you can press the "← → " flip "↑ ↓" to select your desired setting parameters, press ENTER to enter the parameter changes, you need to use "↑ ↓" to select parameter settings selected Press ENTER to select and complete the parameter settings.
Fluke tester testing process:
1.Determined according to the needs of the test limit and cable type: channel test or permanent link test? CAT5E or CAT6 or other?
2.After shutdown, install the corresponding adapter of different testing standard in the host and auxiliary, such as select TIA CAT5E CHANNEL testing standards, the host and auxiliary will be installed in DTX-CHA002 Channel adapters, if selecting the TIA CAT6A PERM.LINK, the permanent link test standard, the host and auxiliary should be respectively installed with a DTX-PLA002 permanent link adapters.
3.Parameters that may be often required to change
Dial to "SET UP" stalls, selecting the twisted pair, press ENTER to enter:
Type of cable: press ENTER and then press the ↑ ↓ select the type of cable you want to test, for example I want to test over Category 5 twisted-pair UTP Press ENTER ENTER ↑ ↓ Select Cat 5e UTP press ENTER to return.
Test limit: Press ENTER and then press ↑ ↓ to select the testing standard for the type of cable you want to test, press F1 to select more, generally option for the standard in TIA.
Socket configuration: Press ENTER to enter, general RJ45 crystal head socket using the 568B standard. Others are depending on the circumstances. Press ↑ ↓ to select the standard of the wire to be tested.
4.Connect all the equipments that need to be tested with the corresponding adapter. Press "TEST" to start testing, after a while, it will display FASS or FAIL.
View test results and check failure
After the testing, it will automatically show the result. Use the ENTER key to view the parameter details, F2 for previous page, F3 for the next page, press EXIT and press F3 to view the memory data storage. If the testing result is FAIL, you can check the failure details by selecting X.
Saving the Fluke test result
Select SAVE key to store the test result, use "← → ↑ ↓" key or ← → to move the cursor, F3 key to select the name you want to use, such as 01 and press SAVE to store.
That’s all steps that you should follow on how to use a Fluke network tester(http://juneliao.elertgadget.com/post/How_to_Use_Fluke_Test_Equipment_1632076.htm), for more fiber optic test equipment such as network cable tester, cctv camera tester etc. Please visite FiberStore webstore. Follow the instrument document of each to do your testing job with confidence.
Source: Fluke Test Equipment Operation Instruction (http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/27199140.html)
Fiber Optic Connectors Cleaning Guide
2013年5月17日Article on teaching you cleaning fiber optic connector or fiber optic cables with the righ fiber optic cleaning kits. The step by step guide to righ perform the fiber optic connector cleaning procedure.
Fiber optic cleaning is one of the most important procedures in the maintenance of fiber optic system, which need to keep the quality connections between all fiber optic equipment. As we know, the fiber optic connector consists of fiber optic plug and the adapter. The ends of the fiber optic cables are held in the core of ferrule in the plug. Keeping the fiber end face and ferrule absolutely clean is very essential, since any particles on the end face of the fibers will cause problems such as scratching the glass surface, instability in the laser system, and a misalignment between the fiber cores, which may as a result disrupt the light transmission between the fiber optical system.
For proper performance of the SC fiber optic cable, you must keep the SC connector clean and free of dust. Small micro-deposit of oil and dust in the canal of the connector could cause loss of light, reducing signal power and possible causing intermittent problems with the optical connections. Below picture show the part of the end face of an unclean and clean ferrule of SC connectors.
What should be noted before the cleaning
Before cleaning the fiber optic connectors, make sure to disconnect the fiber optic cables from both ends and then turn off any laser source.
Do not allow the end of the fiber optic cable to make contact with any surface including your fingers.
Never to bend the fiber cable, which will in turn cause internal breaks along the fiber and cause poor performance or instability.
Use the finger cots or powder free surgical gloves to handle the fiber optic cables. use fresh spectroscopic grade Methanol or Isopropyl Alcohol as the only cleaning solvent.
In the daily connection work, a connector housing should be used when plugging or unplugging a fiber. A protective cap should be used to cover the unplugged fiber connectors. In the (http://opticalfiberchina.unitblog.com/2013/05/1704_how_to_clean_fiber_o.html)process of the fiber optic cleaning, the end face of the connector should never be touched and also the clean area of a tissue of swab should not be touched or reused.
Cleaning fiber ends steps
At the beginning of cleaning job, a fiber microscope should be used to inspect the fiber end, if it is contaminated as either images shows below, it should be cleaned with the dry cleaning method.
1.Blow the fiber surface with a stream of Clean Dry Air (the so called CDA), which will dislodge larger, loose particles. Keep in mind, don’t tip the can of the CDA while blowing. Because the liquid may be released contaminant on the surface of the fiber.
2.Place 1-3 drops of spectroscopic grade methanol or isopropyl alcohol in the center of a lens tissue. Do not use Acetone as a cleaning solvent on the fiber optical surfaces. Besides, to ensure the purity of the methanol or alcohol, you should never insert the lens tissue or swabs into the liguid.
3.Hold the fiber by the connector. Place the wet portion of the lens tissue on the optical surface and slowly drag it across. At this step, don’t use lens paper to dry it because the dry lens paper is extremely abrasive.
4.Examine the surface of the fiber under high density light using a magnifier, an optical loop, or a video inspection tool. If streaks or contaminants still remain, repeat the process using a fresh lens tissue.
5.Immediately install a protective cover over the end of the cable to avoid re-contamination or insert the fiber for immediate use.
FiberStore provides all kinds of Fiber optic cleaner, such as the Cletop Reel Type cleaner, Neoclean-E-Pen Cleaner basic set, Cartridge-Type Cleaner, OAM connector cleaners are also good solutions, all of them are brand new and manufactured following strict industrial standards. You can follow the instruction documents to conduct your fiber optic connector cleaning job with cleaning kit you need.
Source: (http://juneliao.coin-lecture.com/how-to-clean-fiber-optic-connectors-4165.html)How to Clean Fiber Optic Connectors
Fiber optic cleaning is one of the most important procedures in the maintenance of fiber optic system, which need to keep the quality connections between all fiber optic equipment. As we know, the fiber optic connector consists of fiber optic plug and the adapter. The ends of the fiber optic cables are held in the core of ferrule in the plug. Keeping the fiber end face and ferrule absolutely clean is very essential, since any particles on the end face of the fibers will cause problems such as scratching the glass surface, instability in the laser system, and a misalignment between the fiber cores, which may as a result disrupt the light transmission between the fiber optical system.
For proper performance of the SC fiber optic cable, you must keep the SC connector clean and free of dust. Small micro-deposit of oil and dust in the canal of the connector could cause loss of light, reducing signal power and possible causing intermittent problems with the optical connections. Below picture show the part of the end face of an unclean and clean ferrule of SC connectors.
What should be noted before the cleaning
Before cleaning the fiber optic connectors, make sure to disconnect the fiber optic cables from both ends and then turn off any laser source.
Do not allow the end of the fiber optic cable to make contact with any surface including your fingers.
Never to bend the fiber cable, which will in turn cause internal breaks along the fiber and cause poor performance or instability.
Use the finger cots or powder free surgical gloves to handle the fiber optic cables. use fresh spectroscopic grade Methanol or Isopropyl Alcohol as the only cleaning solvent.
In the daily connection work, a connector housing should be used when plugging or unplugging a fiber. A protective cap should be used to cover the unplugged fiber connectors. In the (http://opticalfiberchina.unitblog.com/2013/05/1704_how_to_clean_fiber_o.html)process of the fiber optic cleaning, the end face of the connector should never be touched and also the clean area of a tissue of swab should not be touched or reused.
Cleaning fiber ends steps
At the beginning of cleaning job, a fiber microscope should be used to inspect the fiber end, if it is contaminated as either images shows below, it should be cleaned with the dry cleaning method.
1.Blow the fiber surface with a stream of Clean Dry Air (the so called CDA), which will dislodge larger, loose particles. Keep in mind, don’t tip the can of the CDA while blowing. Because the liquid may be released contaminant on the surface of the fiber.
2.Place 1-3 drops of spectroscopic grade methanol or isopropyl alcohol in the center of a lens tissue. Do not use Acetone as a cleaning solvent on the fiber optical surfaces. Besides, to ensure the purity of the methanol or alcohol, you should never insert the lens tissue or swabs into the liguid.
3.Hold the fiber by the connector. Place the wet portion of the lens tissue on the optical surface and slowly drag it across. At this step, don’t use lens paper to dry it because the dry lens paper is extremely abrasive.
4.Examine the surface of the fiber under high density light using a magnifier, an optical loop, or a video inspection tool. If streaks or contaminants still remain, repeat the process using a fresh lens tissue.
5.Immediately install a protective cover over the end of the cable to avoid re-contamination or insert the fiber for immediate use.
FiberStore provides all kinds of Fiber optic cleaner, such as the Cletop Reel Type cleaner, Neoclean-E-Pen Cleaner basic set, Cartridge-Type Cleaner, OAM connector cleaners are also good solutions, all of them are brand new and manufactured following strict industrial standards. You can follow the instruction documents to conduct your fiber optic connector cleaning job with cleaning kit you need.
Source: (http://juneliao.coin-lecture.com/how-to-clean-fiber-optic-connectors-4165.html)How to Clean Fiber Optic Connectors
Article about how to terminate fiber optic cables with expoxy, which is the most cheap, fast and easy method among all the fiber cable termination ways. Go on read! When you have bulk fiber optic cables on hand and need to terminate it with the fiber optic connectors, there are several options for you to handle this job: Epoxy and polish, mechanical cleave and crimp, and the chemical permanent method, fusing splicing the pigtails. The aim of terminating the fiber optic cables is to provide protections for the stripped fiber end in the connector. Poor termination job will result in large optical loss, even cause damages to the connectors and adapters. Among all the method mentioned above, epoxy and polishing is the cheap, fast and easy and low optical loss, so it is welcomed by most cable installers. Follow the steps and see (http://www.fiber-optical-networking.com/how-to-terminate-fiber-optic-cables-with-epoxy.html) how to terminate fiber optic cables with the Epoxy.
First, prepare you cable by stripping the cable down to the bare fibers with a fiber stripper which you can get from FiberStore. After that, mix the epoxy resin and hardener that you have prepared ahead, and load them into a syrine( Ignore this step,if you are using a pre-loaded epoxy syringes). Now, it’s time to injuct the expoxy directly from the syringe into the connector ferrule.
Once you have prepared your connector with the epox, you re read to insert the fiber cable so that the cable is seated inside of the connector wall and the bare fiber core sticks out about a half an inch from the front of the ferrule. If your cable is jacked, you will need to use the cable crimping tool to protect the connector to the jacket and strength members of the cables. Two crimps would be necessary to finish the job properly.
The next step is curing the epoxy in the connectors. You may need to place the connected end into a curing holder first to make sure that the end of fiber will not get damaged in the process of curing. Then place the cable and curing holder into a curing oven, situate the connector to make the end is facing down, by doing which, it will ensure the epoxy does not come out of the back side of the connector and compromise the strength member of the cable. As to the curing time and the temperature,follow the instruction book of your specific epoxy.
Once the epoxy are cured sufficiently, cleave the excess fiber core with a fiber cleaver tools as close to the ferrule tips as possible while avoiding any sort of twisting motion. After that, remember to dispose the fiber clipping, which could easily end up in your skin or even in you eye or respiratory system.
After the cleaving and disposing jobs done, you are ready to move on to the next step, polishing the fiber end to a smooth finish. Get a fiber polishing machine to effectively remove any excess epoxy from the ferrule tip and buff out the imperfections on the face of the fiber. A coarse surface would cause the optical loss when the light is passing through it.
When you are satisfied with your polishing job, you are now prepared to clean the ferrule and fiber tip. With a wiper dipped in 99% reagent-grade alcohol, gently wipe the surface area of the ferrule and fiber tips, then, use another wiper to dry them. Remember, the two wiper should all be lint-free.
Now, your fiber optic cable is terminated. To measure if your job is done well or not, you can use a proper fiber inspection microscope to inspect the tip and then use an optical fiber cables tester for the loss measurement.
Source: (http://fiber-optical-transceiver-module.com/how-to-terminate-fiber-optic-cables-with-epoxy.html)Terminating Fiber Optic Cables with Epoxy
First, prepare you cable by stripping the cable down to the bare fibers with a fiber stripper which you can get from FiberStore. After that, mix the epoxy resin and hardener that you have prepared ahead, and load them into a syrine( Ignore this step,if you are using a pre-loaded epoxy syringes). Now, it’s time to injuct the expoxy directly from the syringe into the connector ferrule.
Once you have prepared your connector with the epox, you re read to insert the fiber cable so that the cable is seated inside of the connector wall and the bare fiber core sticks out about a half an inch from the front of the ferrule. If your cable is jacked, you will need to use the cable crimping tool to protect the connector to the jacket and strength members of the cables. Two crimps would be necessary to finish the job properly.
The next step is curing the epoxy in the connectors. You may need to place the connected end into a curing holder first to make sure that the end of fiber will not get damaged in the process of curing. Then place the cable and curing holder into a curing oven, situate the connector to make the end is facing down, by doing which, it will ensure the epoxy does not come out of the back side of the connector and compromise the strength member of the cable. As to the curing time and the temperature,follow the instruction book of your specific epoxy.
Once the epoxy are cured sufficiently, cleave the excess fiber core with a fiber cleaver tools as close to the ferrule tips as possible while avoiding any sort of twisting motion. After that, remember to dispose the fiber clipping, which could easily end up in your skin or even in you eye or respiratory system.
After the cleaving and disposing jobs done, you are ready to move on to the next step, polishing the fiber end to a smooth finish. Get a fiber polishing machine to effectively remove any excess epoxy from the ferrule tip and buff out the imperfections on the face of the fiber. A coarse surface would cause the optical loss when the light is passing through it.
When you are satisfied with your polishing job, you are now prepared to clean the ferrule and fiber tip. With a wiper dipped in 99% reagent-grade alcohol, gently wipe the surface area of the ferrule and fiber tips, then, use another wiper to dry them. Remember, the two wiper should all be lint-free.
Now, your fiber optic cable is terminated. To measure if your job is done well or not, you can use a proper fiber inspection microscope to inspect the tip and then use an optical fiber cables tester for the loss measurement.
Source: (http://fiber-optical-transceiver-module.com/how-to-terminate-fiber-optic-cables-with-epoxy.html)Terminating Fiber Optic Cables with Epoxy
For every fiber optic cabling plant, jobs that you need to handle are fiber optic cleaning, inspection, and other basic troubleshotting. This article will show you what is fiber optic testing or optic power measurement. With fiber optics becomes the mainstream of the modern data communication networks. Fiber optic testing is more important than ever. For almost every fiber optic cable plant, you need to test the continuity, fiber loss and troubleshooting other problems once the cables are installed and terminate. Fiber optic testing includes fiber optic cleaning, inspection, troubleshooting and fiber optics verification and certification for the existing cabling plant.
Fiber optic inspection
With the increasingly higher data rates are driving decreasingly small loss budgets, fiber optic inspection and cleaning are growing more and more important. If we want to decrease the overall light loss, the only way is to hence our job of properly inspection and cleaning. There are two types of problems that will cause loss when doing the fiber optic connection with the adapters, one is contamination, the other is damage.
Contamination comes in many forms which can be dust, oils, or even the buffer gel. Oil can come from bodies when making a touching with the fibers’ end face. Dust and he small static-charged particles flying in the air can land on the fibers’ exposed termination. In the new installations, buffer gel and pulling lube can easily find its way onto an end-face. Scratching, chipping, pitting or cracking of the fiber optic cable will cause the end-face surface defects which as a result of poor termination or mated contamination.
We used to use the stereo bench top microscopes to inspect fiber optic end-faces at the beginning of fiber optic cabling. Over time, smaller, portable microscopes were produced to easily handle the job. There are optical and video microscopes in the market today. Optical microscopes incorporate and objective lens and an eyepiece lens which allow you to view the end face directly. Video microscopes, however, have both an optical probe and a display for viewing. Probes is very small and can reach the ports with is hard to access. The display screens will show the expanded images of the contaminants and damages. By using the probes and screen, it will avoid the interface of the laser light which may affect a person’s eye. By the way, FiberStore offers a full range of fiber optic microscope which will fit for all kinds of your fiber inspection requirements.
Fiber optic cleaning
Most people may have their own approaches for cleaning end-face, such as blasting the fiber cables with canned air, or using IPA. But these way is the most traditional and suboptimal. Fiber optic specialist today, have developed series special solvent and cleaning tools which can all be found in the fiber optic leaning kits. The special fiber solvent are perfect for dissolving virtually any contaminant on the fiber end-face and have tailored evaporation rates that give them time to work yet disappear before mating.
Fiber optic testing
After the inspection and cleaning of the fiber optics, the next step is to implement the fiber optic testing. Fiber optic testing includes the certification and verification of the optical fibers. Fiber optic certification has experienced a development from Tier 1 to Tier 2, which are base on the certification of new cabling per IEEE, TIA, or ISO/IEC standards.
Tier 1 is the basic test regiment which is performed with a power meter and light source or optical loss test set to measure the absolute loss of the link and compare it to the limits of the standards. Tier2 is the extended Tier 1 testing which bring the application of OTDR testing. By the use of OTDR, it will allow to trace each fiber link. OTDR trace will enable people to certify the quality of the fiber optic splicing, connection, and installation.
Source: Fiber Optic Power Measurement(http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/26963102.html)
Fiber optic inspection
With the increasingly higher data rates are driving decreasingly small loss budgets, fiber optic inspection and cleaning are growing more and more important. If we want to decrease the overall light loss, the only way is to hence our job of properly inspection and cleaning. There are two types of problems that will cause loss when doing the fiber optic connection with the adapters, one is contamination, the other is damage.
Contamination comes in many forms which can be dust, oils, or even the buffer gel. Oil can come from bodies when making a touching with the fibers’ end face. Dust and he small static-charged particles flying in the air can land on the fibers’ exposed termination. In the new installations, buffer gel and pulling lube can easily find its way onto an end-face. Scratching, chipping, pitting or cracking of the fiber optic cable will cause the end-face surface defects which as a result of poor termination or mated contamination.
We used to use the stereo bench top microscopes to inspect fiber optic end-faces at the beginning of fiber optic cabling. Over time, smaller, portable microscopes were produced to easily handle the job. There are optical and video microscopes in the market today. Optical microscopes incorporate and objective lens and an eyepiece lens which allow you to view the end face directly. Video microscopes, however, have both an optical probe and a display for viewing. Probes is very small and can reach the ports with is hard to access. The display screens will show the expanded images of the contaminants and damages. By using the probes and screen, it will avoid the interface of the laser light which may affect a person’s eye. By the way, FiberStore offers a full range of fiber optic microscope which will fit for all kinds of your fiber inspection requirements.
Fiber optic cleaning
Most people may have their own approaches for cleaning end-face, such as blasting the fiber cables with canned air, or using IPA. But these way is the most traditional and suboptimal. Fiber optic specialist today, have developed series special solvent and cleaning tools which can all be found in the fiber optic leaning kits. The special fiber solvent are perfect for dissolving virtually any contaminant on the fiber end-face and have tailored evaporation rates that give them time to work yet disappear before mating.
Fiber optic testing
After the inspection and cleaning of the fiber optics, the next step is to implement the fiber optic testing. Fiber optic testing includes the certification and verification of the optical fibers. Fiber optic certification has experienced a development from Tier 1 to Tier 2, which are base on the certification of new cabling per IEEE, TIA, or ISO/IEC standards.
Tier 1 is the basic test regiment which is performed with a power meter and light source or optical loss test set to measure the absolute loss of the link and compare it to the limits of the standards. Tier2 is the extended Tier 1 testing which bring the application of OTDR testing. By the use of OTDR, it will allow to trace each fiber link. OTDR trace will enable people to certify the quality of the fiber optic splicing, connection, and installation.
Source: Fiber Optic Power Measurement(http://blog.livedoor.jp/juneliao12/archives/26963102.html)
Testing Phone Line Introduction
2013年5月14日This article is about how to testing and troubleshotting your telephone line in your house by your own. Reading on, you will not get so frustrated when you telephone is not working.
You may for one or more time get frustrated about the bad job of your telephone in your home. When you find your telephone at home is not working properly, the first thing you should do is finding the source of the problem to get repaired. This article is right about how to testing and troubleshotting your telephone line in your house.
First, you should check if it is the problems of the telephone itself, Unplugging all the phone devices such as the computer, answering machines, etc. throughout your house. Take your phone line tester (or a phone that you are sure workable), go around and plug it into every outlet, checking for the proper lighting sequence (if it is a telephone, you may here dial tone). If all jacks appear to be dead or you don’t get dial tone, the problem is not with your telephones or telephone equipment.
Once you have make sure it is the phone line system other than the telephone itself’ problem, the next step is to test you’re the wiring. A variety of things can cause the telephone wiring to crash such as improperly touching wires, mice eating cable or an electrical surge frying a telephone jack. The text blow will try to give as much information for all the possible problems.
First, disconnect your inside wiring from the telephone company, who provided you with service through four or more wires leading to the outside of your house. All these wires are connected into a box called a NID, network interface, locating outside your home for ease access by the telephone company. You should disconnect the plug serving the bad line. If you have a junction block or an entrance bridge, separate the telephone company’s wiring from the block or bridge. Use the best multimeter to test the continuity of your wiring. It the continuity that allows the electricity to freely flow through it, when two bare wires are touching, it will make continuity. Since in the wiring system, each color of wires is working independently, any continuity between any wires of different colors will cause the defective condition. We should find the defect and correct it. Do this by touching your probes across any two wires of different colors and get no continuity. You
can do this at a terminal block or entrance bridge without disconnecting any of your inside wires. Key point of this test is to make sure all phones and devices unplugged.
Once a continuity is found, there may be either a touching existing somewhere in the wiring, or a touching behind a telephone jack or at a junction block or entrance bridge. Defective phone jack may be caused by an electrical surge. If either of them happened, just separate the touching wires or tighten the conditions. After that, use the phone that you have make use is problem free in previous step to test the line. If it is still not working, continue to other blocks and telephone jacks.
Keep in mind, there may be secondary junction blocks or parallel connections in your home, which are used to run phone cable to remote location by splicing into another phone’s cable, rather than running a new cable from the main junction block or protector. If you see two cable from the junction block leading into the house, but you know you have six telephone outlet, it indicate that there are secondary junction blocks in your wiring system. Try to examine for touching bare wire or loose wires by opening up the outlets throughout the next phase of your troubleshooting.
After all the above step done, the next step is to find out whether it’s the cable itself or the phone outlets, or jacks. Disconnect one wire of a pair (red or green, black or yellow) from each jack, this will disable all the jacks without having to totally disconnect all the wires. Reconnect the circuit to the telephone company’s wires. Then one by one, test the phone jack in the NID box outside your house with a telephone line tester, which is used for detecting either digital or analog phone systems as well as the line polarity. If none of the jacks work, then you have a short in the cable, if some wok and others don’t, the problem is probably in the jacks which is don’t work. This time, you should get a new jack and try to connect the existing wires to it.
Source: How to Test Telephone Line (http://www.siliconindia.com/blogs/blogs_new.php?k7w00MWxz8v85QHRhHOe11N6Jp13BeF9+9Cw0maNY3542117+1++201)
You may for one or more time get frustrated about the bad job of your telephone in your home. When you find your telephone at home is not working properly, the first thing you should do is finding the source of the problem to get repaired. This article is right about how to testing and troubleshotting your telephone line in your house.
First, you should check if it is the problems of the telephone itself, Unplugging all the phone devices such as the computer, answering machines, etc. throughout your house. Take your phone line tester (or a phone that you are sure workable), go around and plug it into every outlet, checking for the proper lighting sequence (if it is a telephone, you may here dial tone). If all jacks appear to be dead or you don’t get dial tone, the problem is not with your telephones or telephone equipment.
Once you have make sure it is the phone line system other than the telephone itself’ problem, the next step is to test you’re the wiring. A variety of things can cause the telephone wiring to crash such as improperly touching wires, mice eating cable or an electrical surge frying a telephone jack. The text blow will try to give as much information for all the possible problems.
First, disconnect your inside wiring from the telephone company, who provided you with service through four or more wires leading to the outside of your house. All these wires are connected into a box called a NID, network interface, locating outside your home for ease access by the telephone company. You should disconnect the plug serving the bad line. If you have a junction block or an entrance bridge, separate the telephone company’s wiring from the block or bridge. Use the best multimeter to test the continuity of your wiring. It the continuity that allows the electricity to freely flow through it, when two bare wires are touching, it will make continuity. Since in the wiring system, each color of wires is working independently, any continuity between any wires of different colors will cause the defective condition. We should find the defect and correct it. Do this by touching your probes across any two wires of different colors and get no continuity. You
can do this at a terminal block or entrance bridge without disconnecting any of your inside wires. Key point of this test is to make sure all phones and devices unplugged.
Once a continuity is found, there may be either a touching existing somewhere in the wiring, or a touching behind a telephone jack or at a junction block or entrance bridge. Defective phone jack may be caused by an electrical surge. If either of them happened, just separate the touching wires or tighten the conditions. After that, use the phone that you have make use is problem free in previous step to test the line. If it is still not working, continue to other blocks and telephone jacks.
Keep in mind, there may be secondary junction blocks or parallel connections in your home, which are used to run phone cable to remote location by splicing into another phone’s cable, rather than running a new cable from the main junction block or protector. If you see two cable from the junction block leading into the house, but you know you have six telephone outlet, it indicate that there are secondary junction blocks in your wiring system. Try to examine for touching bare wire or loose wires by opening up the outlets throughout the next phase of your troubleshooting.
After all the above step done, the next step is to find out whether it’s the cable itself or the phone outlets, or jacks. Disconnect one wire of a pair (red or green, black or yellow) from each jack, this will disable all the jacks without having to totally disconnect all the wires. Reconnect the circuit to the telephone company’s wires. Then one by one, test the phone jack in the NID box outside your house with a telephone line tester, which is used for detecting either digital or analog phone systems as well as the line polarity. If none of the jacks work, then you have a short in the cable, if some wok and others don’t, the problem is probably in the jacks which is don’t work. This time, you should get a new jack and try to connect the existing wires to it.
Source: How to Test Telephone Line (http://www.siliconindia.com/blogs/blogs_new.php?k7w00MWxz8v85QHRhHOe11N6Jp13BeF9+9Cw0maNY3542117+1++201)
This article gives two OTDR testing method, either with launch cable only or with both launch cable and receive cable, different ways has different result. Reading on and know how to implement your OTDR testing for your outside cable plant.
OTDR is one of the most popular method of testing the light loss in the cable plant. In most circumstance, it also indicate an fiber optic testing instrument to characterized the optical fibers. OTDRs are always used on OSP cables to verify splicing loss or locating damages to the fiber optic cables. Due to the decline in the OTDR price over recent years, it is more and more applied by technicians for the system installation process.
OTDR uses backscattered light of the fiber to imply loss, which is an indirect measurement of the fiber. OTDR works by sending a high power laser light source pulse down the fiber and looking for return signals from backscattered light in the fiber itself or reflected light from connectors or splice interface. OTDR testing requires a launch cable for the instrument to settle down after reflections from the high powered test pulse overloads the instrument. OTDRs can either use one launch cable or a launch cable with a receive cable, the tester result of each is also different.
Test With Launch Cable Only: A long lauch cable allows the OTDR to settle down after the initial pulse and provides a reference cable for testing the first connector on the cable. When testing with an OTDR using only the launch cable, the trace will show the launch cable, the connection to the cable under test with a peak from the reflectance from the connection, the under testing cable and likely a reflection from the far end if it is terminated or cleaved. Most terminations will show reflectance that helps identify the ends of the cable.
By this method, it can not test the connector on the far end of the under testing cable since it is not connected to another connector, and connection to a reference connector is necessary to make a connection loss measurement.
Test With Launch And Receive Cable: By placing a receive cable at the far end of the under testing cable, the OTDR can measure the loss of all factors along the cable plant no matter the connector, the fiber of cables, and other connections or splices in the cable under test. Most OTDRs have a least squares test method that can substract out the cable included in the measurement of every single connector, but keep in mind, this may not workable when the tested cable is with two end.
During the process you should always keep in mind to start with the OTDR set for the shortest pulse width for best resolution and a range at least twice the length of the cable you are testing. Make an initial trace and see how you need to change the parameters to get better results.
OTDRs can used to detect almost any problems in the cable plant caused during the installation. If the fiber of the cable is broken, or if any excessive stress is placed on the cable, it will show up the end of the fire much shorter than the cable or a high loss splice at the problem locations.
Except OTDR testing, the source and optical power meter method is another measurement which will test the loss of the fiber optic cable plant directly, The source and meter duplicate the transmitter and receiver of the fiber optic transmission link, so the measurement correlates well with actual system loss.
Source: Know more details on OTDR, please refer http://www.fiber-optical-networking.com/how-to-test-fiber-optic-cables-by-otdr.html[How to Test Fiber Optic Cables by OTDR]
OTDR is one of the most popular method of testing the light loss in the cable plant. In most circumstance, it also indicate an fiber optic testing instrument to characterized the optical fibers. OTDRs are always used on OSP cables to verify splicing loss or locating damages to the fiber optic cables. Due to the decline in the OTDR price over recent years, it is more and more applied by technicians for the system installation process.
OTDR uses backscattered light of the fiber to imply loss, which is an indirect measurement of the fiber. OTDR works by sending a high power laser light source pulse down the fiber and looking for return signals from backscattered light in the fiber itself or reflected light from connectors or splice interface. OTDR testing requires a launch cable for the instrument to settle down after reflections from the high powered test pulse overloads the instrument. OTDRs can either use one launch cable or a launch cable with a receive cable, the tester result of each is also different.
Test With Launch Cable Only: A long lauch cable allows the OTDR to settle down after the initial pulse and provides a reference cable for testing the first connector on the cable. When testing with an OTDR using only the launch cable, the trace will show the launch cable, the connection to the cable under test with a peak from the reflectance from the connection, the under testing cable and likely a reflection from the far end if it is terminated or cleaved. Most terminations will show reflectance that helps identify the ends of the cable.
By this method, it can not test the connector on the far end of the under testing cable since it is not connected to another connector, and connection to a reference connector is necessary to make a connection loss measurement.
Test With Launch And Receive Cable: By placing a receive cable at the far end of the under testing cable, the OTDR can measure the loss of all factors along the cable plant no matter the connector, the fiber of cables, and other connections or splices in the cable under test. Most OTDRs have a least squares test method that can substract out the cable included in the measurement of every single connector, but keep in mind, this may not workable when the tested cable is with two end.
During the process you should always keep in mind to start with the OTDR set for the shortest pulse width for best resolution and a range at least twice the length of the cable you are testing. Make an initial trace and see how you need to change the parameters to get better results.
OTDRs can used to detect almost any problems in the cable plant caused during the installation. If the fiber of the cable is broken, or if any excessive stress is placed on the cable, it will show up the end of the fire much shorter than the cable or a high loss splice at the problem locations.
Except OTDR testing, the source and optical power meter method is another measurement which will test the loss of the fiber optic cable plant directly, The source and meter duplicate the transmitter and receiver of the fiber optic transmission link, so the measurement correlates well with actual system loss.
Source: Know more details on OTDR, please refer http://www.fiber-optical-networking.com/how-to-test-fiber-optic-cables-by-otdr.html[How to Test Fiber Optic Cables by OTDR]
